Metaparadigm: Represents the worldview of a discipline (the most global perspective that subsumes more specific views and approaches to the central concepts with which it is concerned). There is considerable agreement that nursing’s metaparadigm consists of the central concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing (Powers & Knapp, 1990, p. 87).

Macrosystem: Actions taken by senior leaders who are responsible for organization-wide performance (Nelson et al, 2007, p.205). Mesosystem: Actions taken by the midlevel leaders who are responsible for large clinical programs, clinical support services, and administrative services (Nelson et al., 2007, p.205) Microsystem: Clinical Microsystems are the small, functional frontline units that provide most health care to most people (Nelson et al., 2007, p.3). Nursing Science: A basic science that is the substantive, discipline-specific knowledge that focuses on the human-universe-health process articulated in nursing frameworks and theories. The discipline-specific knowledge resides within schools of thought that reflect differing philosophical perspectives that give rise to ontological, epistemological, and methodological processes for the development and use of knowledge concerning nursing’s unique phenomenon of concern (Parse et al., 2000). Organizational Science: An interdisciplinary field of inquiry focusing on employee and organizational health, well-being, and effectiveness. Organizational Science is both a science and a practice, founded on the notion that enhanced understanding leads to applications and interventions that benefit the individual, work groups, the organization, the customer, the community, and the larger society in which the organization operates (University of North Carolina, 2009).

Patient: The term refers to the recipient of a healthcare service or intervention at the individual, family, community, aggregate/population level.